The Orange County Virginia Courthouse is located at the corner of Madison Road and Main Street in the town of Orange. The courthouse is currently undergoing major renovations, therefore the court system has been temporarily re-located across the street into the lower level of Perry Plaza, at the corner of Madison Road and Main Street. The circuit court clerk has been moved to the old library on Belleview Avenue.

Criminal cases are prosecuted by the Commonwealth's Attorney or his deputy. The judges are appointed by the Virginia General Assembly. The Orange County Sheriff's Department handles delivery of court papers and court security.